ROBOTICS FOR U

Simple Line Follower Tutorial

2009-10-06T05:50:00.000-07:00

Hiii Everyone, I am sorry for all the people who have been logging onto my blog as I haven't been updating a lot.I would be explaining about making a line follower, using 3 and 2 sensors. I would also be telling the advantage of using 3 sensors over two sensors.Prerequisites :1) Have a sensor circuit ready. You can check my post to know how to make a sensor ckt.2) Have microcontroller (I would

MICROCONTROLLER TUTORIAL 2

2009-06-06T07:24:00.000-07:00

WHAT ALL WILL YOU WILL BE REQUIRING TO PROGRAM A MICRCONTROLLER:1)Firstly you would be needing a burner which will transfer a hex code from your system into the microcontroller. So first go get this thing, I will wait for you, go get the burner and see how your robots dance with ease. The cost of the burner is not more than 500 rs including shipping charges. If you want to make your own burner

Microcontroller tutorials 1

2009-06-06T07:14:00.000-07:00

Hiii,I guess I was posting too many ckts and stuff like that , now I will be starting of with microcontroller tutorial. This would be a completed tutorial of about 4-6 posts , where I would be teaching you( infact telling you) how to program microcontrollers with ease and all the problems that you would be facing when you start with programming.

Tactile Bump Sensors

2009-04-17T00:23:00.000-07:00

These are mechanical touch sensors that are used to detect environment. They are used when you need to stop the bot after it touches some thing. These are generally used with some whiskers like wire to detect from a far distance and mostly used in beam bots as they take

Sensors to be used in Line follower

2009-03-10T09:35:00.000-07:00

Hi evryone out there , I hope evryone is fyn and njyoing robotics , last 4 months had been a very tough job for me participating in ROBOCON , though we were not successful , I learnt a lot from this compt.The first thing I would like to share is Which Sensors to be used to detect black line??I tried different circuits which even removes ambient light effect ( I will be posting the ckt oif it )

4 amp Motor Driver ckt

2009-03-10T09:16:00.000-07:00

This is a 4 amp motor driver ckt which i have used in my recent robotics competition ROBOCON where i was driving a power window motor which used to give arnd 25 kgcm torque.Thinking abt all the financial crisis we had, I choose this ckt which reduces to dig our pocket .As i have explained in my previous motor driver ckt that there will be two channels in a motor driver IC, each channel giving

Photo Roller n Photovore

2008-10-01T23:05:00.000-07:00

This is in regards is what to be told to the biggest solar bots competition in India , this is for all those who did not attend the costly workshop conducted by robosoft in co ordination with iit bombay.The two solar bots competition photovore n photoroller , uses only solar enrgy as the power source over here the power being given by a 500 w bulb .In photoroller which is the prelims of

Voice controlled robot

2008-07-21T11:27:00.000-07:00

Circuit operation: This device beeps intermittently for approx. two seconds when a person in a range of about 10 meters emits a whistle.The first two inverters contained in IC1 are used as audio amplifiers. IC1A amplifies consistently the signal picked-up by the small electret-microphone and IC1B acts as a band-pass filter, its frequency being centered at about 1.8KHz. The filter is

Robot tat acts like Rat

2008-06-30T05:38:00.000-07:00

ScienceDaily (Feb. 21, 2005) — Robots that act like rat pups can tell us something about the behavior of both, according to UC Davis researchers.This robot was designed with the same basic senses and motor skills as a rat pup. (Sanjay Joshi/UC Davis photo).

Bug Robot

2008-06-30T05:36:00.000-07:00

Mechanical Engineers Have New Bug-Inspired Robot That Senses Its Way With Flexible Antenna.July 1, 2005 — Researchers have developed a flexible, sensor-laden artificial antenna to help a robotic "bug" move and navigate just like the common cockroach. The bug can curry along walls, turn corners, avoid obstacles, and feel its way through the dark. In rescue operations, such robots could be sent

Grass Hopper Inspired robot

2008-06-30T05:33:00.000-07:00

About the size of a locust and weighing on 7 grams, this tiny robot can jump 27 times its own size.Grasshopper-Inspired Jumping Microrobot Can Make Staggering LeapsScienceDaily (May 22, 2008) — Researchers from the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at EPFL are unveiling a novel, grasshopper-inspired jumping robot at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation May 21 in Pasadena,

Wall climber (Robotics News)

2008-06-30T05:29:00.000-07:00

Researchers have designed a robot that uses a novel form of electrically activated adhesion to enable it to scale any kind of vertical surface. The robot can even climb surfaces that are dusty or wet, be they concrete, glass, or drywall. "What's really unique about this is

Simple line follower using logic gates

2008-06-29T00:54:00.000-07:00

This is a simple line follower using two sensors and without a microcontroller. We use here two types of logic gates and Lm 324 for the sensors. Two "OR" logic gates and one "Ex-OR" logic gates.The relay is used to run motors , can be replaced with motor driver L293D .The ckt is self xplanatory , if u want to know the logic of its wrkng r have problem in understanding , wat its logic is , ask me

IR sensors From Scratch + Line follower

2008-06-18T23:02:00.000-07:00

IR emitter and IR phototransistorAn infrared emitter is an LED made from gallium arsenide, which emits near-infrared energy at about 880nm.The infrared phototransistor acts as a transistor with the base voltage determined by the amount of light hitting the transistor.Hence it acts as a variable current source. Greater amount of IR light cause greater currents to flow through the collector-emitter

Maze Solver n Wall Follower .

2008-06-17T11:29:00.000-07:00

A simple wall follower has to navigate easily following the wall , that is when evr there is a turn (perfect 90 degree as by the wall) the bot shuld also take a turn . Take a look at this picture .First question which comes to your mind is how many sensors do one wuld need ?? . Wuld we need a micrcontroller .Well we can make this by using only two sensors , and there is no need of a

COLOUR SENSORS

2008-06-17T11:11:00.000-07:00

All color sensors work on the basic principle that when light of some color falls on an object , if the object is of same color as of the led , then the object absorbs that color which means there is no reflection.We would be making the ckt in the same way as we did for the IR led detector ckt , but we wuld be using LDR for our detection purpose , (IR cant be used as they catch only IR waves) ,

BUMP SENSOR

2008-06-16T03:31:00.000-07:00

So, you've fitted some motors to your robot and its happily driving around but it probably keeps colliding with obstacles and getting stuck. You need a way for your robot to detect collisions and move around objects. Enter the humble bump sensor: A bump sensor is probably one of the easiest ways of letting your

MORE E BOOKS

2008-06-13T09:09:00.000-07:00

(1)Robots Androids & Animatrons by John Iovinedownload from here Lovely book , gives u a good start for professional robotics.What u can get from this book????Movements and drive system.DTMF controlled vehicle (tats using u r phone)Making a walkerSpeech Controlled botUnder water botsAerobotsOne necessary book , I double my money on this to read.(2) Robotics and Process Control Cookbookdownload

BIOMETRIC ROBOT JOURNALS

2008-05-17T01:56:00.000-07:00

This another list on robotic journals on biometric , can be used for paper presentation in engineering .Taken from societyofrobots.com one wonderfull site.Adaptive Dynamic Walking of a Quadruped Robot on Irregular Terrain Based on Biological Concepts Biomimetic Robot Navigation Biomimetics: New Tools for an Old Myth A New Hybrid Approach to Dynamic Modeling and Control Design for a Pectoral

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - ROBOTICS JOURNALS

2008-05-17T01:41:00.000-07:00

Here is a list of journals , papers that engineering students can use for paper presentations , but shld have great fundas .Cognitive Architecture, Concepts, and Introspection: An Information-Theoretic Solution to the Problem of Phenomenal Consciousness CoSy: Cognitive Systems for Cognitive Assistants Emerging Consciousness as a Result of Complex-Dynamical Interaction Process Levels of

DC MOTOR BRAKING

2008-05-17T01:25:00.000-07:00

We will discuss different ways of braking in the robots , there are 3 different ways as usual which goes from mechanical to electrical .This is basically needed when u want to go down the slope r up the slope, though these are not tat great braking as comapred to the real vehicles but of much help to us.Mechanical Method :The mechanical method is what is used on cars today. Basically you need

SENSORS WITH TSOP CKT

2008-05-17T01:17:00.000-07:00

This is a simple yet effective IR proximity sensor built around the TSOP 1738 module. The TSOP module is commonly found at the receiving end of an IR remote control system; e.g., in TVs, CD players etc. These modules require the incoming data to be modulated at a particular frequency and would ignore any other IR signals. It is also immune to ambient IR light, so one can easily use these sensors

A part of the Source Code for the Previous LFR

2008-05-17T00:00:00.000-07:00

The 8 sensors are connected the port 0 .The numbers 160 n 255 are a constant which u take this has been explained un my previous post so jst take a look. while (1){ #ifdef debug if(rep<255) prev="PINA;" i="0;i<8;i++)">>i)&0x01); rep=0; } #endif if(PINA!=255){ rotpow=255; ldev=rdev=0; if(PINA.3==0) rdev=1; if(PINA.2==0) rdev=2; if(PINA

AVR LINE FOLLOWER PD CONTROL

2008-05-16T23:46:00.000-07:00

The robot uses IR sensors to sense the line, an array of 8 IR LEDs (Tx) and sensors (Rx), facing the ground has been used in this setup. The output of the sensors is an analog signal which depends on the amount of light reflected back, this analog signal is given to the comparator to produce 0s and 1s which are then fed to the µC. Starting from the center, the sensors on the left are named L1,

line follower with software diff

2008-05-15T23:56:00.000-07:00

A simple line follower not following a curve can make a large diff jst by changing the software tats u r programme . Its always better tpo use more sensors than just a couple of them , use arnd 8 sensors rather than 4 r 6 . Now wat diff can a change in algo make , u can use PWM and PID control to make it more perfect bot .Even a Closed loop control system formed with the above two can be

Making A Gripper Arm for Pick n Place comps

2008-05-06T08:52:00.000-07:00

I will be discussing over here various methods to hold objects , this is mostly used in pick and place comps.1)USING ONLY MOTORS N DIRECTLY GRIPPING THEM TO ARMS.Basic idea is to hold the object and also leave the object.We can use two simple dc geared motors of lower rpm n directly fix it to the bars as shown belowWe used two dc geared motors of 10 RPM at the points A and B , fixed to the arms

"MEMRISTOR" ...... New Circuit Element

2008-05-06T08:34:00.000-07:00

As all science students know, there are only three basic elements that make up an electrical circuit:the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. Sorry guys!It may be time to tear up your textbooks and write the new ones:scientists have realised physical samples of a fourth fundamental element which they call a memristor - short for memory resistor. In a paper published in the latest issue of

E books on robotics

2008-04-18T02:16:00.000-07:00

All these books have been take from the site allfree.freemaniz site .I have read most of the books and i will give my opinion on these so it will be useful to you.First book which all beginners shuld read for robotics .Tata mcgrah hills robot builder's bonanza.download from here Robotics project outlined by pic microcontroller infact a tutuorial on picdownload from hereArchitecture on

LINE FOLLOWER

2008-04-11T07:23:00.000-07:00

This will be the first start to our autonoums bots , this is the most famous competetion held in most of the colleges , n i have seen people asking at lot of places asking for this now i will try to make this post a one stop to make a line follower , if u have understood the previous 4 things ,firstly the motor driver , then op amp , sensors, which i have told in my last posts n the the most

Simple IR LED CKT

2008-04-09T11:15:00.000-07:00

We will be using over here an irled pair and a comparator .When the reciver led recivers the signal the voltage acros it would be going high.This we would be putting across the + ve of comparator, n to the -ve of comparator we wuld be using a potentiometer . When the reciver does not recive any signal the voltage across the pot wuld be set up in such a way tat voltage across it is high so the

SENSORS

2008-04-09T10:33:00.000-07:00

This is the most important part of an autonoums bots , without this der cant be an autonoums bot build. There are different types of sensors used varying with work to be done with the bot.1)Light sensorsThis sensors are used to measure the intensity of light.Mostly commonly used under this are LDR(light dependent resistors) , TSOP1738,IRLED pair,Photodiode,Phototransistor.USES :They can be used

OPAMPS n COMPARATORS

2008-04-08T02:50:00.000-07:00

As the name implies it is an operational amplifier. It performsmathematical operations like addition,subtraction,log,antilog etc.. Themain reason for OPAMPS used over transistors is that transistor can onlyamplify AC while OPAMPS can amplify AC and DC. You can get good amplifier gain in OPAMPS. The most commonly used OPAMPS are 741 ,LM 324, LM 358N(both of them can also be used as comparator).

Voltage regulator

2008-04-08T02:36:00.000-07:00

As the name suggets it regulates voltage tat is it can provide either constant voltage r variable voltage(DC only)Fixed Voltage regulators (78xx,79xx) [7805 being the most popularly used ]Variable Voltage regulator (LM 317)Fixed Voltage regulatorsThis include 78xx voltage regulators. The most commonly used ones are 7805 and 7812. 7805 gives fixed 5V DC voltage if input voltage is

Autonoums Robotics part 1

2008-04-08T02:26:00.000-07:00

Before starting of with this get well educated with some electronic components though much detail is not needed , u can do most of the work using data sheet of the electronic components.1)voltage regulator2)op amp and comparator3)motor driver4)microcontrollersresistors ,capacitors , transistors wuld also come along with this thingWhen u make an autonoums robots the basic thing needed wuld be 1)

MOTOR DRIVER CKT

2008-04-07T07:53:00.000-07:00

All the motors (dc) run at 12 v supply but the output u get from u r logic gate ,microcontrollers opamp is 5v which cannot make motor run.Motor driver is the most essential part of any autonoums bots , generally people use L293D for running dc motors , u can run 2 dc motors with this IC though it can take a maximum current of 600 mA per channel which is more than enough for us to drive the

Making a wireless remote

2008-04-07T07:07:00.000-07:00

Get rid of those long wires tat tangle all the time , there are different ways of making a wireless module using ready made rc cars n putting relays near the out put u can drive u r 12v motors ,then theres IR remote control though not tat much reliable n then theres dtmf tats thr cell phone n gprs communication, n the most simplest of them using rf modules , in consideration with all the above

4 WHEEL DRIVE PROBLEMS

2008-03-31T02:26:00.001-07:00

Frictional losses in four wheeled differential drive configuration while turning:Four wheel differential robots have one major problem which people often forget to takecare of while designing there robot. While robot takes turn with zero turning radius itswheels skids. It reduces accuracy of motion and can damage both robot’s motors andwheels.Above figure shows foot print of Dexter 2 robot.

DPDT WIRED SWITCH CONTROL

2008-03-31T02:19:00.000-07:00

HERE IS THE SIMPLE MANUAL CONTROL OF U R BOT USING DPDT SWITCH JUST CONNECT THESE SWITCHES TO THE MOTOR AS SHOWN BELOW AND TATS IT ZOOOOOOOOM U CAN C U R BOT RUNNING GIVE THE CONNECTIION FOR BOTH MOTORS AS SHOWN .

FIRST MANUAL BOT

2008-03-30T12:20:00.000-07:00

Here we will be making our first three wheel drive (a manual bot ) with this u can start making u r own manual bots after this easilyIn three wheels differential drive configuration two wheels are connected to motors.Third wheel is caster or omni directional wheel which allows motion in any direction.Three wheeled configuration is often used in smaller size robots.It offers two advantages:1. All

MANUAL CONTROL TO DC MOTORS

2008-03-29T10:33:00.000-07:00

WITH THIS THING WE WILL COME TO THE END OF MANUAL CONTROL THE SWITCH TAT I HAVE SHOWN OVER HERE IS ONLY FOR ONE MOTOR AND U NEED TO DO THE SAME FOR ANOTHER MOTOR AND THEN U CAN USE THE DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE SYSTEM TO RUN U R BOT

PIVOT DRIVE PRINCI

2008-03-29T10:31:00.000-07:00

lThe most unique type of Locomotion system lIt is composed of a four wheeled chassis and a platform that can be raised or lowered lThe wheels are driven by a motor for translation motion in a straight line lFor rotation one motor is needed to lower/raise the platform & another to rotate the chassis around the platform lThis system can guarantee perfect straight line

SYNCHRONOUS DRIVE SYSTEM

2008-03-29T10:28:00.000-07:00

lAs the name suggests, it uses synchronous rotation of its wheels to achieve motion & turns lIt is made up of a system of motors. One set of which drive the wheels and the other set turns the wheels in a synchronous fashion l The two sets can be directly mechanically coupled as they always move in the same direction with same speed lThe use of separate motors for translation

ARTICULATED DRIVE SYSTEM

2008-03-29T10:26:00.000-07:00

lIn this mechanism the machine chassis (body) is deformed to achieve rotation in contrast to the steering wheels in car type drive lTwo actuators (motors) are needed. One to drive the wheels and the other to change the pivot angle lThis system shares most of it’s features with the car type mechanism lThis is too an example of Non – Holonomic System

SKID STEER DRIVE

2008-03-29T10:24:00.000-07:00

l lA close relative of the differential drive system lIt is mostly used in tracked machines e.g. tanks. Also finds application in some four / six wheeled robots lThe left and right wheels are driven independently lMultiple drive wheels on each side give increased traction. The effect is even greater for tracked machines lSkidding causes the wheels to loose contact with the

CAR TYPE DRIVE PRINCI

2008-03-29T10:15:00.000-07:00

l lThis is the car type drive and the most common in real world but not in robot world lIt is characterized by a pair of driving wheels and a separate pair of steering wheels lThe turning mechanism must be accurately controlled. A slight inaccuracy may cause large odometry errors lThe system is Non – Holonomic hence path planning is extremely difficult as well as inaccurate

DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE PRINICPLE

2008-03-29T09:52:00.000-07:00

This is the most commonly used form of locomotion system used in mobile robots as it’s the simplest and easiest to implementIt has a free moving wheel in the front accompanied with a left and right wheel.The two wheels are separately poweredWhen the wheels move in the same direction the machine moves in that direction. Turning is achieved by making the wheels oppose each other’s motion, thus

DIFFERENT LOCOMOTION PRINCIPLES

2008-03-29T09:33:00.000-07:00

Differential driveCar type driveSkid steer driveArticulated driveSynchronous drivePivot driveDual differential drive

DC MOTORS

2008-03-29T09:04:00.000-07:00

This kind of motors come in different ratings and these are mostly used by beginners bcoz the ease with which u can control them , these can rotate in both direction when the power supply is interchanged when u give + of power supply to one terminal the motor and - ve of power supply to other terminal of the motor the motor wuld rotate in one direction, when u revrse the terminals of power

WHAT DO U GET FROM THIS BLOG

2008-03-29T08:58:00.000-07:00

Welcome to the site of robotics I l be teaching u over here about robotics so tat u can start participating in the fest with an ease . I will try to put as much of the knowledge i have over here n we will also keep discusiing over different fests .